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Senegal jack
The Senegal jack, ''Caranx senegallus'' (also known as the African jack), is a species of large marine fish classified in the jack family Carangidae. The species is distributed through the tropical waters of the eastern Atlantic Ocean, ranging along the west African coast from Angola in the south to Mauritania in the north. It can be distinguished from co-occurring relatives by its longer dorsal fin lobe, as well as a host of other anatomical features. The Senegal jack grows to a known maximum length of 1 m. It is a coastal species, known to live semi-pelagically, inhabiting both the sea floor and surface waters to depths of around 200 m. The Senegal jack is a predatory species, taking fish, crabs and shrimps as its main prey items. The species reaches sexual maturity at 21 cm in females and 24 cm in males, with spawning occurring in two periods; February to April and September to November. The species is of minor importance to fisheries, and is not discriminated from other jacks in catch statistics. It is taken by trawls, seines and hook and line, and sold fresh or preserved.
==Taxonomy and naming==
The Senegal jack is classified within the genus ''Caranx'', one of a number of groups known as the jacks or trevallies. ''Caranx'' itself is part of the larger jack and horse mackerel family Carangidae, a group of percoid fishes in the order Perciformes.
The species was first scientifically described by the famed French naturalist Georges Cuvier in 1833 based on a specimen taken from the mouth of the Senegal River at Gorée, Senegal, which was designated to be the holotype. Cuvier named the new species ''Caranx senegallus'' with the specific epithet referring to the country the holotype was taken from. The species was independently redescribed twice; both times by the Austrian zoologist Franz Steindachner. In 1867 he named the species ''Caranx macrops'', while in 1883 he named it ''Caranx africanus'', with no apparent reason for the redescription. Under ICZN naming rules, these are both considered junior synonyms and rendered invalid. The species' two common names simply refer to the African coasts where the species is found.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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